Call for applications/paper - ESF-COST High Level Researche conference. Marine Biotechnology : future challenges; Italy - 20-26 june 2010.
more information : www.esf.org/conferences/10330
Closing date for applications: 28 March 2010
During the last decade, the scientific and political landscape of marine biotechnology has been deeply modified. Despite significant achievements, marine biotechnology is not contributing to its full potential in answering the numerous challenges European countries are facing now with the present global crisis. How marine biotechnology can contribute to these challenges is therefore an even more relevant question nowadays than ten years ago.
The Marine Board-ESF and COST are organizing a conference to promote scientific excellence in marine biotechnology by providing leading scientists and young researchers with a platform to present their work, to discuss current scientific understanding and recent developments in key areas of marine biotechnology, and to identify the priorities for further research and infrastructure.
The Conference will draw from a broad range of scientific disciplines focusing on identified themes, research tools and approaches of strategic importance for Europe, including on aquaculture, bioprospecting, algae and seaweed biomass, health, marine bionanotechnology and biomaterials, marine models, marine genomics, bioinformatics and research infrastructures. The emphasis of the Conference is on innovation and vision for the future of marine biotechnology in Europe, moving from exploitation to sustainability.
Conference format:
- lectures by invited high level speakers
- short talks by young & early stage researchers
- poster sessions, round table and open discussion periods
- forward look penal discussion about future developments
A good number of grants are available for young researchers to cover the conference fee and possibly part of the travel costs. Grant requests should be made by ticking appropriate field(s) in the paragraph "Grant application" of the application form.
Full conference programme and application form are accessible online from www.esf.org/conferences/10330.
ESF-COST Contact for further information: Zuzana Vercinska - zvercinska@cost.esf.org
As part of the ESF research networking programme Frontiers of Functional Genomics, registration is open for the "ESF Symposium
Computational Challenges of the Next Generation DNA Sequencing" to be held in Uppsala, Sweden, 15-16 January 2009
For further details and registration please go to: http://www.lcb.uu.se/nextseqsymp/
The intent of the "Joint ICES/CIESM Workshop to compare Zooplankton Ecology and Methodologies between the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic (WKZEM)" is to provide a forum gathering scientists from on-going research projects in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, thus comparing efforts in both regions with respect to on-going time series programmes, field and experimental methodologies, zooplankton ecology, autecology of key species, and response to global warming.
The WKZEM workshop will serve as an arena for communication between ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology and the CIESM Working Group on Zooplankton Indicators scientists providing an opportunity for mutual updates on activities and plans, thus creating stimulus for further analyses and for future collaboration between the scientists involved.
Important Dates
15-May Registration & Abstract Deadline
01-June Notification of Abstract Acceptance
31-August Deadline for Hotel Bookings
This Workshop is endorsed by MarBEF which means that each MarBEF member may book the costs of 1 participant to the meeting up to a max of 1,000 € on their MarBEF account.
Themes for the 5th Congress of the European Malacological Societies:
- Present and future challenges of fisheries and molluscan aquaculture;
- From theory to practice: What we can do for freshwater molluscs conservation;
- Origin, diversity and phylogeny of molluscs. Where are we?;
- Biogeographical processes and patterns;
- Molluscs as ecological models: from local patterns to global evolution;
- Terrestrial molluscs: the perfect models for island biogeography?
- Molluscs and Conservation Biology
There will be an Exploratory Workshop "Marine Environmental Genomics and Gene Expression" at the Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhave, Germany, from June 4-7, 2008. Aim of the workshop is a presentation of the state of the art re environmental genomics and environmental gene expression and the preparation of a white paper and future projects on this topic.Participation and accomodation is free, participant have to take care for their travelling. There are a few spots still available. In case you are interested please contact Klaus Valentin (valentin@awi.de) or Uwe John (uwe.john@awi.de).
Plankton bloom dynamics - new insights from molecular and genomic tools
10th - 19th of June, 2008
Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
Information & Application form
Deadline for applications, April 23, 2008
Extended deadline!
http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/imcc/index.html?CFID=7808080&CFTOKEN=40874265
The Marine Section of the Society for Conservation Biology will be hosting its first stand-alone meeting, the International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC), from 20-24 May 2009 at George Mason University near Washington D.C. This will be an interdisciplinary meeting that will engage natural and social scientists, managers, policy-makers, and the public. The goal of the IMCC is to put conservation science into practice through public and media outreach and the development concrete products (e.g., policy briefs, blue ribbon position papers) that will be used to drive policy change and implementation. This meeting will encompass the 2nd International Marine Protected Areas Congress (IMPAC1 was held in Geelong, Australia in October 2005). The IMPAC2 component will consist of an organized cross cutting issue within the IMCC addressing MPAs though the full range of posters, papers, workshops and symposia.
As part of the ESF research networking programme Frontiers of Functional Genomics
Registration is open for the ESF supported conference "Gene Forum 2008: Functional Genomics" to be held in Tartu, Estonia, 12 - 14 June 2008
Deadline for abstract submissions - 30 May 2008
Deadline for early registration - 30 April 2008.
For further details and registration please go to:
http://www.geneforum.ee/GF2008/index.php
The information that is now becoming available, thanks to biodiversity informatics, is revolutionizing research in biology and is opening new approaches to managing natural resources, promoting sustainable development, and protecting biodiversity and the environment. The most exciting development in biodiversity informatics over the past 5-10 years has been the growth of interconnections among these databases. Developers of large research databases and data sharing networks are creating a seamless global web of biodiversity information, enabling a new generation of integrative research and diverse new and exciting applications.
This emerging field will be the subject of e-Biosphere 09: The International Conference on Biodiversity Informatics, a five-day conference in London.
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&type=view&eid=356
Analyses of the interactions between end to end marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, 11-16 August 2008, Ankara, Turkey
IMBER (http://www.imber.info/) and EUR-OCEANS (http://www.eur-oceans.eu/) are very pleased to announce that the Summer School Training on “Analyses of the interactions between end to end marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles” will be held on August 11-16, 2008 at the Middle East Technical University campus in Ankara, Turkey.
This training programme aims at providing participants with an overview of methods, models and approaches for analyzing the interactions between marine biogeochemical cycles and end to end food webs studies. It will introduce to participants recent research foci on the interactions of end to end marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles to better understand and predict changes in marine ecosystems.
It is designed to provide participants with high-level teaching activities by a combination of theoretical courses and practical workshops. The summer school will target Ph. D students and young Post-docs working with biogeochemical cycles and end to end food webs. Discussions and Poster Sessions will be organized to stimulate interaction between students and also between students and the lecturers.
For further details about the preliminary programme, please visit the workshop website http://www.imber.info/E2E_EcoModel_programme.html.
We welcome applications from scientists early in their careers, either working toward or having recently completed a doctorate showing strong interest in those topics. Selection of candidates will be based on the level and suitability of their qualifications, the relevance to the science themes, and the quality of their motivation statement. Application form is available at http://www.imber.info/E2E_EcoModel_application.html
Application submission deadline: 15 May 2008
For additional requests, please contact Temel Oguz: oguz@ims.metu.edu.tr
The MGE Final General Assembly will take place on 12-16 May 2008, in Faro (Portugal).
Download the preliminary Program
More than 50 % of the human population live at the coast. Sea level rise, increasing population density and industrial activities, coastal erosion - all these influences exert pressures on coastal systems where land and water meet and particularly the human influence on the sea and the maritime impact on human societies become apparent. Eutrophication by sewage discharge, organic micropollutants and heavy metals released to rivers and the sea, hydrocarbons from oil and gas mining are among the impacts that man exerts on marine ecosystems, but also the protection of human settlements from sea level rise, storm surges or tsunamis are of increasing importance. The coastal areas of the North and Baltic Sea are among the most frequently visited searoutes worldwide, and the danger of fatal accidents is increasing. For all these reasons, we consider it of utmost importance to disseminate knowledge gained in our research centres. Experts in the fields of physical and chemical oceanography, coastal meteorology, biology and ecology, and coastal zone management will present their experience during the school.
http://coast.gkss.de/events/summerschool08/index.html
A number of short (5 d), often technical courses are provided by the Network in order to meet the primary training needs identified by the Network partners but also to integrate Network members. The courses are open also for non-MGE members. Find below the next course(s) to be provided.
Contact: ulrika.hjelm@kmf.gu.se
Generation of cDNA Libraries by Primer Extension
Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
March 31 – April 4, 2008
Information & Application form
Deadline for applications, February 18, 2008
Bioinformatics I - Introduction to Sequence and Genome Analysis
Ribocon GmbH & Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany April 21- 25, 2008
Information & Application form
Deadline for applications February 25, 2008 EXTENDED!
Quantification of gene expression by qPCR
EMBL-Heidelberg, Germany
June 23 - 27, 2008
Information & Application form
Deadline for applications April 28, 2008
Information on previous courses.
Read more...
An ERASMUS "Marine Biodiversity" course will take place this summer (2008) at the Station Biologique de Roscoff in France.
Two independent sessions are offered:
1/ 1 - 12th July: Diversity of marine algae
2/ 24th July - 22nd August: Marine Zoology and Ecology
The courses offer hands-on experience with a wide diversity of marine
algae / animals. It
is based in the Station Biologique de Roscoff which possesses:
- proximity to the intertidal zone (rocky shores, soft shores, marshes)
- excellent infrastructures (classrooms with running seawater,
Research vessel)
- equipment for field excursions, microscopy.
Courses are given in French but teaching material is often provided in
English.
These courses are open to all master students.
Details are available at : http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/Enseignement/erasmus.php
Information can be obtained at the following address:
enseignement@sb-roscoff.fr
Two-week long courses mixing theory and practicals on cross-nodal marine genomic topics. A large number of invited teachers. The courses are open also for non-MGE members. The following courses will be organized during the summer of 2008.
Contact: ulrika.hjelm@kmf.gu.se
Plankton Bloom Dynamics - new insights from molecular and genomic tools
AWI Bremerhaven, Germany, June 10-19, 2008
Information & Application form
Deadline for applications, April 23, 2008
Marine Evolutionary & Ecological Genomics
SB-Roscoff, France, June 16 - 27, 2008
Information & Application form,
Deadline for applications, April 14, 2008
Analysing Biodiversity & Life History Strategies
KMRS, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden, July 14-24, 2008
Information & Application form,
Deadline for applications, May 19, 2008
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&type=view&eid=348
The programme will consist of a mixture of lectures (delivered by experts in their respective fields), field and laboratory work taking advantage of the local field site the Eden Estuary (SSSI, Nature Reserve and SAC) as well as the laboratory facilities available within the Sediment Ecology Research Group at the Gatty Marine Laboratory. Measuring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Estuarine Systems First call: A residential training course (16th–20nd June 2007)
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&type=view&eid=347
As part of the ESF research networking programme Frontiers of Functional Genomics
Registration is still open for the3rd International Symposium on Animal Functional Genomics to be held
Abstract submission deadline - oral presentation: 8 February, 2008
Abstract submission deadline - poster session: 7 March, 2008
The 3rd International Symposium on Animal Functional Genomics (ISAFG) will present opportunities to take stock of the current European and International position in animal functional genomics, identifying areas for collaborations and the development of new resources. The conference will be structured around the following themes: Genetics and QTLs, Bioinformatics and Data Mining, Animal Health, Functional Genomics meets Physiology, Animal Genomics in Industry, Proteomics, Systems Biology.
Register by March 1st, 2008 to take advantage of Early Bird registration rate!
For further details and registration please go to: http://ebrc-launch.org/ISAFG/index.html
Bioturbation refers to the biological reworking of soils and sediments, and its importance was first realized by Charles Darwin, who devoted his last scientific book to the subject. More than one hundred twenty-five years later, many studies within the biogeosciences (ecology, paleontology, biogeochemistry, sedimentology) now cite Darwin as the original reference. In four sequential sessions, this conference will provide a multi-disciplinary update on the mechanism and importance of bioturbation in the marine environment.
http://www.bioturbation.be/
The next International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists, ICWES14, organised by the Conseil National des Ingénieurs et des Scientifiques de France (CNISF) and supported by the International Network of Women Engineers and Scientists (INWES) will be held in Lille, France, July 15-18, 2008 under the theme of "A changing world: new opportunities for women engineers and scientists"
The conference is an unique opportunity for all participants to exchange ideas and information with outstanding professional and academic women working in an international and challenging environment, leading change and helping progress of cultural change. The program will be diverse and excellent, emphasizing the sustainable development, the role of information technology and communication in industry, and different gender aspects in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
All the details can be found on the conference website http://www.icwes14.org
Workshop on "Sleeping Beauties - Dormancy and resistance in harsh environments - Molecular, proteomic and metabolomic aspects" ,18-20 May 2008, Berlin, Germany
Information is available on our project website http://www.gmm.gu.se/SB under News and Events
The General Assembly 2008 of the European Geosciences Union, will take place on 13-18 April, 2008, in Vienna (Austria).
Full details : http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2008/
Programme overview at http://www.cosis.net/members/meetings/programme/view.php?m_id=49&p_id=325
As part of the Nonlinear Processes in Geosciences Programme, we are organising the NP3.01 session on Scale, Scaling and Nonlinear Variability in Aquatic Sciences
This session is co-listed in the Ocean Sciences Programme.
For information follow: http://www.cosis.net/members/meetings/programme/view.php?m_id=49&p_id=309
Session description:
Oceanic and freshwater fields generally display high variability on a wide range of scales, which is associated with an underlying nonlinear variability and complex coupling between fields and scales. In this framework, this session will consider scaling and nonlinear aspects of physical, biological, chemical fields in the ocean and freshwaters.
The sessions welcomes theoretical and experimental studies, statistical modelling papers, as well as presentations belonging to nonlinear, scaling, fractal, multifractal, extreme events frameworks.Specific topics include, for example, scaling, fractal or nonlinear variability studies of:
- Turbulence studies in marine, river, and lake environments;
- Plankton-turbulence couplings;
- Time series analysis: from monitoring networks, long term biological time series, high frequency measurements;
- Spatial variability: heterogeneity and patchiness of aquatic fields;
- Physical-chemical or physical-biological couplings, blooms, marine snow formation, sediment flocs dynamics;
- Animal behaviour (including plankton) and its coupling with marine and freshwater environmental variability;
- Biodiversity: rank-abundance scaling properties and species-area relations.
The EU 6th Framework Program “PROUST - The temporal dimension in functional genomics” practical course:
“Temporal aspects in genetic analysis”, 13-18 June 2008, Tartu, Estonia
http://www.europroust.org/lire/index.php?cat0=36&rubid=42
The importance of time dimension in biological systems is well known. The need to execute the sequence of events in an orderly and timely manner is central in many research areas such as developmental biology, gene expression studies, intracellular signalling pathways, etc.
During the five-day event, high-quality lecture series, in silico practical course and journal clubs given by the top researchers from Europe and the US will focus on temporal aspects in genetic analysis.
The aim of these Exploratory Workshops is to favour integration within researchers from the four nodes through the organization of workshops where all interested partners are invited to present their work and data related to the selected theme. The final goal is to prepare a join project that will tackle genomics analysis in marine environment and/or to maximise use of tools already generated by the NoE or by partners.
coordinator: Catherine Boyen (#2)
Read more and download the application form - Deadline: January 5th, 2008
send to barbier@sb-roscoff.fr
Raw materials for the future: from black to green gold? Tomorrow... Towards a selected Chemistry, 2nd edition
Any speculation on the evolution of chemistry in the context of sustainable development must start from two findings:
The first one relates to the consequences of human activities on environment, the great equilibriums of our planet and health. Although some participations are controversial and difficult to evaluate, this is a short term concern for Society
The second one relates to the consumption of fossil fuels which not only leads to carbon dioxide emissions, but will be limited by their forecasted depletion. Beyond crude oil, other fossil fuels are available, such as natural gas, oil sands, oil shale, coal and methane hydrates. Although concern about fossil fuel availability is more of a mid-term nature, it must, however, be addressed when considering the development of new conversion processes.
This symposium has three objectives:
* Review the possible evolution of the various schemes for the production of the major chemical intermediates, either from fossil or renewable resources.
* Identify specific products that could be obtained from renewable resources as intermediates for synthesis, from short and long term perspectives.
* Encourage students to pursue scientific careers, especially in chemistry, one afternoon is specifically devoted to this objective, this will be achieved through a dialogue, on the seminar topics, between world-class researchers, including Nobel Prize winners, and students from high schools, colleges and universities. This dialogue will involve posters from the researchers as well as face-to-face interactions between the students and Nobel Prize winners.
Cell cycle and cancer, march 25-28,2008 - Toulouse, France
The objective of this international conference is to highlight the latest advances in research into the mechanisms that control the cell cycle, their alterations in cancer, and their potential utility as targets for anticancer therapies.
Additional informations available at http://ccc-2008.univ-rennes1.fr
REDUCED RATE FOR EARLY BIRDS ENDS NOVEMBER 15th !....
Atelier : Méthodes statistiques pour données post-génomiques
This workshop will focus on statistical methods dedicated to post-genomic data such as transcriptome, proteome... High flow experimental methods aim at identifying the genes functions and their links with a biological process. Statistics and mathematics are useful for providing performing methods for the differential analysis of micro-array data and electrophoresis images and for modelling networks using multiple genomic data. The subjects of interest are the following: mixing models, multiple testing, estimation and variables selection, Bayesian methods, random effects models, kernels methods, classification (supervised or not), change point estimation ...
http://www.agrocampus-rennes.fr/math/SMPGD08/
The World Conference on Marine Biodiversity will be held in Valencia (Spain) from November 11-15, 2008.
Aims
To review the current understanding of marine biodiversity, its role in marine ecosystem functioning and its socio-economic context
To assess current and future threats and potential mitigation strategies for conservation and regulation of marine resources
To identify future research priorities
Deadline for sessions: November 1st 2007 (call is open).
Deadlinefor abstracts is February 1st 2008 (registration opens in November).
More
information: http://www.marbef.org/worldconference.
The 9th Advanced Phytoplankton Course Taxonomy and Systematics will be held at the Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn", Napoli, Italy , from 5 to 26 April 2008
The Course aims at providing an updated background for the morphology, taxonomy, classification and phylogeny of the most important marine phytoplankton groups. It will consist of theoretical and practical sessions, with the examination of a broad collection of fixed, live and slide material. Topics of the Course will include:
- methods and criteria for species identification
- methods of molecular and morphological phylogeny
- overview of specialized literature
- toxic and potentially toxic species
- general and specific aspects of phytoplankton biodiversity and biogeography
WHO CAN APPLY:
The Course will be open to 20 students. Criteria for selection of
participants will include their previous experience in phytoplankton
taxonomy (min. 4 years), possible role as trainers in their respective
countries and involvement in ecological research and monitoring
programmes.
Application forms and details are available at www.szn.it/apc9/
Applications must arrive by e-mail to APC9@szn.it within October 15th 2007.
Acceptance will be notified within December 1st 2007.
MGE organises a workshop for PhD students and post docs entitled Marine Genomics: An Ocean of Techniques.
This workshop will take place at the Orthodox Academy of Crete (www.oac.gr) in Greece, October 8-11, 2007.
Last day to register & submit abstract (only for poster presentations) is September 28th, 2007
The research orientied themes will be covered by invited speakers, by talks selected from abstracts and by round table discussions. The starting points will be the techniques and how they are used for studying different organisms and answering the wide range of biological questions.
The career development session will include talks and discussions on different aspects of career development at a European level; within academia as well as within the privat sector.
Costs
The workshop is open to 70 PhD students and post docs, MGE members as well as non-members. Selection will be made from abstracts.
The 2007 ICES Annual Science Conference will be held at the Marina Congress Center in Helsinki, Finland, from Monday 17 September to Friday 21 September 2007
http://www.ices.dk/iceswork/asc/2007/index.asp
theme session: http://www.ices.dk/iceswork/asc/2007/themesessions.asp
The aim of these Exploratory Workshops is to favour integration within researchers from the four nodes through the organization of workshops where all interested partners are invited to present their work and data related to the selected theme. The final goal is to prepare a join project that will tackle genomics analysis in marine environment and/or to maximise use of tools already generated by the NoE or by partners.
coordinator: Catherine Boyen (#2)
Read more and download the application form - Deadline: July 15th, 2007
send to barbier@sb-roscoff.fr
MGE organises a workshop for PhD students and post docs entitled Marine Genomics: An Ocean of Techniques.
This workshop will take place at the Orthodox Academy of Crete (www.oac.gr) in Greece, October 8-11, 2007.
Last day to register & submit abstract is July 23, 2007
The research orientied themes will be covered by invited speakers, by talks selected from abstracts and by round table discussions. The starting points will be the techniques and how they are used for studying different organisms and answering the wide range of biological questions.
The career development session will include talks and discussions on different aspects of career development at a European level; within academia as well as within the privat sector.
Costs
The workshop is open to 70 PhD students and post docs, MGE members as well as non-members. Selection will be made from abstracts.
4th edition of Bioforum - where science meets business, 25th - 26th September 2007, University of Milan - Via festa del Perdono 7 - Italy
www.bioforum.it/en
The 6th European Conference on Ecological Modelling, ECEM'07, "Challenges for ecological modelling in a changing world: Global Changes, Sustainability and Ecosystem Based Management" will be held in Trieste, Italy, on November 27-30, 2007.
THEMES: Particular attention will be devoted to themes related to Global Changes, Sustainability and Ecosystem Management. ECEM'07, however, will cover ALL topics in the area of ecological modelling and participants are invited from ALL areas of research, development and application of ecological models.
DEADLINES: The abstract submission process will close on May 31, 2007. We strongly encourage interested participants to pre-register as soon as possible at the Conference website. Pre-registration is required before abstract submission.
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS: Robert Costanza (USA), Philippe Cury (France), Ulf Dieckmann (Austria), Saso Dzeroski (Slovenia), Volker Grimm (Germany), Eileen Hofmann (USA), Daniel Pauly (Canada), Bernie Patten (USA), Sven Eric Jorgensen (Denmark) and Sergio Rinaldi (Italy).
WORKSHOP: Before the conference, 1.5 days will be devoted to a workshop on "Integration of biogeochemical processes and fish dynamics in food web models for end-to-end conceptualization of marine ecosystems. Theory and use of Ecopath with Ecosim", November 26-27, 2007. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Limited funds area available for assisting young scientists and scientists from emerging countries to attend the conference. applay within 31 may!
Read more: http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/ecem07/
This informal, annual meeting is designed to bring together people starting their research on molluscs, to give them the opportunity to present and discuss their work and to compare notes on methods and problems.
Weblink: http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&type=view&eid=312
As part of the ESF research netowrking programme/ Frontiers of Functional Genomics, registration is open for the ESF-supported
4th Integrative Bioinformatics International Workshop to be held at, University of Ghent, Belgium, 10-12 September, 2007
Deadline for abstract submissions - 28 May for talks and 27 August for posters
For further details and registration please go to: http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/bab/conf/ib07/index.php
The conference aims to share scientific information about the changes that are taking place in our seas,lakes and rivers including as a result of human activities.
The planned themes are:
- Effects of climate change on ecosystem structure and functioning;
- Ecosystem change resulting from habitat modification or introduction;
- Restoring damaged ecosystems;
- Mechanisms of invasion and impacts of non-native species, and
- Damage and recovery from resource exploitation.
Read more : http://www.aquaticchange07.org
Four sessions are planned
- Marine protists
- Plasmodium: host-parasite interactions
- Ferroquine and new drugs to figth malaria
- Protists as models organisms
Deadline for application : April 4
Full information and registration material : http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/Phyto/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=166&Itemid=249
The 5th SACC International Course on Physical and Biological Ocean Modeling: Biogeochemical (ROMS/NPZ/PISES) and Individual Based (IBM) Modeling, will be held at the facilities of the University of Concepción, in Dichato Chile, 3-14 July 2007.
For eligibility requirements, application instructions, program and forms,
please visit the 5th SAAC International Course homepage at
http://www.sacc.org.uy/course_2007/index.html
San Pablo - CEU University in collaboration with other five universities (Málaga,
Politécnica de Madrid, País Vasco, Complutense, and Castilla La Mancha), SPSS, CSIC and IEEE organizes a summerschool on "Advanced Data Analysis and Modeling" in Madrid between July 9th and July 27th. The summerschool comprises 12 courses divided in 3 modules.
Attendees may register in each course independently. Registration will be considered upon strict arrival order.
For more information, please, visit
http://biocomp.cnb.csic.es/~coss/Docencia/ADAM/ADAM.htm.
Deadline 17:00 CET on Friday 13 April 2007
Applications must be made online. For further information, and access to the online submission forms, please go to http://www.functionalgenomics.org.uk/sections/news/programme.htm or http://www.esf.org/ffg.
Any informal enquiries can be made to Cheryl Smythe (cheryl.smythe@bbsrc.ac.uk).
ESF Exploratory Workshops - 2007 Call for Proposals
(1 January - 31 December). Deadline for receipt of proposals:* 27 April 2007 (16:00 CET).* Full details are available at http://www.esf.org/workshops.
4 th Meeting of the the scientific community working on Ciona, Oikopleura and other tunicates in Villefranche sur Mer / Cap Ferrat, June 23-27 2007.
IMPORTANT: The number of participants will be limited to 130, please PRE-REGISTER
Calls for abstracts and for registration / accommodations will be in March
Consult the site: http://biodev.obs-vlfr.fr/tunicatemeeting/
MarBEF training course on experimental biology course on marine invertebrates, 30 April - 12 May 2007 in Roscoff (France)
http://www.marbef.org//modules.php?name=Calendar&type=view&eid=294
FEBS2007, 32nd annual FEBS Congress "Molecular Machines & their Dynamics in Fundamental Cellular Functions", July 7-12, 2007, Vienna, Austria
http://www.FEBS2007.org
Short course: Introduction to Fish Ecology, 19th - 23rd February, 2007, CEH Dorset.
This course is in collaboration with Queen Mary College (QMUL) and the Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) and is organised by Dr G. Woodward, QMUL, Dr. W. Beaumont & Dr A. Ibbotson, CEH Dorset.
For further information and to apply please visit http://www.ecrc.ucl.ac.uk/content/view/124/18/ or contact David Hunt
This intensive 1 week residential course in Dorset will give an introduction to fish ecology, with a strong emphasis on fieldwork (including electric fishing, radiotracking and tagging techniques) and freshwater systems.
The primary aim of the conference is to promote awareness and interaction between postgraduate students, ultimately improving the level of ecological research being carried out in Ireland. The forum is open to all postgraduate students and researchers of Third Level Institutes and Research Centres in the general discipline of Ecology.
Deadline for abstracts: 31 january 2007
http://www.pef2007.haastlodge.net/
The main objective of MarBef Theme 3 – The socio economic importance of Marine Biodiversity – is to develop Decision Support Systems to provide cost-effective strategies for effective management of marine ecosystems. The aim of such systems will be to maximise conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and sustainable use of marine ecosystems under varying anthropogenic and environmental impacts
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&file=index&type=view&eid=286
The workshop will focus on biodiversity effects of ecosystem engineers, with special attention for the following 2 topics:
- TOPIC 1: Biodiversity effect of native and invasive ecosystem engineers, across different scales
- TOPIC 2: Compare biodiversity effects of epi- and enobenthic ecosystem engineers in shallow coastal ecosystem
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&file=index&type=view&eid=287
As part of the new ESF programme Frontiers of Functional Genomics Registration is Open for the ESF Workshop:
2nd BioCreAtIvE Challenge: critical assessment of information extraction in molecular biology
The workshop will be held at CNIO, Madrid, Spain, 23-25 April, 2007
Registration Deadline: 20 March 2007
For further details and registration please go to: http://biocreative.sourceforge.net/bc2ws/index.html
As part of the new ESF programme Frontiers of Functional Genomics Registration is Open for the ESF Workshop:
2nd BioCreAtIvE Challenge: critical assessment of information extraction in molecular biology
The workshop will be held at CNIO, Madrid, Spain, 23-25 April, 2007
Registration Deadline: 20 March 2007
For further details and registration please go to: http://biocreative.sourceforge.net/bc2ws/index.html
The project ADVANCE, carried out under the 6th EU Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, intends to promote the participation of women in science/research decision making and policy definition. It supports female scientists in acquiring research and career management skills and tools that help them build up their careers.
The core of this project is a Summer School for training female scientists. Applications are now open for the SUMMER SCHOOL 2007, which will take place at the Danube University Krems, Austria, in English.
The program consists of two modules, which cover topics concerning research setting in academia and industry, personal career development and visibility, and training of career relevant management skills.
The program is divided into two modules based on each other:
Module 1: 23.07.2007 - 03.08.2007
Module 2: 07.09.2007 - 09.09.2007
Deadline: 30 January 2007
For further information: http://www.advance-project.eu
High-throughput sequencing applied to marine organisms, a European perpective
Dates: April 15th - 17th, 2007
Registration at: http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/MGE-ExploratoryWorkshop/
Location: Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, BP74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
Organizers: Mark Cock, SBR, France (cock@sb-roscoff.fr) and Mike Thorndyke, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Sweden (mike.thorndyke@kmf.gu.se)
Aim of the Workshop
The application of genomic approaches to marine organisms is currently providing important insights into many key areas of research. These include traditional areas of marine biology, such as understanding planktonic ecosystems (studies that have acquired new importance and urgency with the advent of global warming) in addition to several other, recently emerged fields.The latter include studies of organisms that live in extreme environments, bioprospecting for novel, active biomolecules produced by marine organisms and the application of evo-devo approaches to marine models as a means to address fundamental questions in developmental biology.
The exploratory workshop is open to up to 35 participants from all MGE nodes as well as non-MGE-members. It is specifically suited for PhD students and postdocs involved or interested in the generation, integration and analysis of expressed sequences and gene regulatory interactions. The workshop will provide the participants with current state-of-the-art information on transcriptomic approaches in a series of lectures given by recognized experts in the field and should also serve to share expertise among the participants and stimulate cooperation across different fields of marine research. Therefore, applicants willing to present their own research will be preferentially selected.
More information is available at http://www.functionalgenomics.org.uk/sections/activitites/index.htm.
Roscoff (Brittany), France, June 9-13, 2007
Deadline for application: March 1, 2007
President : J. Peter W. YOUNG E-mail: jpy1@york.ac.uk
Vice-Président : Frédéric PARTENSKY E-mail: partensky@sb-roscoff.fr
http://www.cnrs.fr/sdv/cjm/cjmyoung_e.html
Understanding the functioning of ecosystems requires an integrated vision of the genetic and functional diversity of the components of biological communities (which are most often unknown or unculturable organisms), and also of their short- and long-term interactions. The Jacques Monod Conference will present the latest developments in the fields of genomics, metagenomics and postgenomics applied to organisms of ecological interest and to complex natural communities. It will take account of the wide range of relevant organisms (prokaryotes, and unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes) and environments (terrestrial, marine, and even intracellular).
Sponsored by MGE
The YSF2007 will be a two-day Symposium with distinguished plenary speakers and students giving short oral presentations on their research, followed by poster-viewing sessions in the afternoons. YSF2007 will take place between July 5-7, 2007, in the Hotel Hilton Vienna Danube in Vienna, Austria.
Details: http://www.univie.ac.at/febs2007/ysf/
Application for talks and posters by 31 December 2006. 100 grants are available for participating to this forum.
The Young Scientist Forum (YSF) was initiated by FEBS in 2001 to provide Ph.D. students and young postdoctoral fellows of the FEBS Constituent Society with opportunities to meet, make friends as well as to discuss scientific affairs and career development in a friendly and informal atmosphere. Preceding the annual FEBS Congress, the YSF is traditionally organized by local Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows. During the course of years, the YSF has now developed from a satellite meeting into a real hallmark of the Annual FEBS Congress.
Since FEBS is dedicated to promote the interaction of students and young scientists, the Organizing Committee of the YSF2007 proudly announces that applicable fees will be covered for accepted participants. Furthermore, all YSF participants will receive a free registration to the subsequent 32nd FEBS Congress "Molecular Machines", July 7-12, in Vienna.
Sustainable Neighbourhood - from Lisbon to Leipzig through Research (L2L) is organized by Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in cooperation with the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Leibniz Association and Max Planck Society.
This conference on research for sustainable development in Europe will be held in Leipzig in May 8 - 10 2007.
The aim of this conference is to position sustainability research as an engine for European competitiveness within the Lisbon Agenda.
It is a cooperative event between policy and scientific communities, which seeks to provide a forum to debate current research in this field, the interaction between policy, economic and research communities, as well as future research priorities.
More info at: http://www.fona.de/de/3_akteure/forum_2007/index.php?lang=eng
The General Assembly 2007 of the European Geosciences Union, will take place on 15-20 April, 2007, in Vienna (Austria).
Full details on the 2007 EGU General Assembly is accessible at http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2007/
and the programme overview at http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2007/annotation.html
Abstract submission deadline is January 15, 2007 by electronic submission only.
Support application deadline is December 8, 2006.
As part of the Ocean Section Programme, we are organising the “OS6 - IMBER/SOLAS Special Session”. The session focuses on interactions between biogeochemical cycles and marine food webs, and their regulation by the physical-biochemical processes occurring at the oceanic boundary layer.
This session will include solicited speakers and other contributions both oral and in poster format.
The session aims to bring together current biogeochemical and ecosystem research towards understanding how biogeochemical cycles interact with food web dynamics and how they are linked with the processes occurring at the oceanic surface boundary layer. The session intends to bridge and merge the existing knowledge on the marine biogeochemical and ecosystem disciplines, and to provide new insights on
(i) influence of food web dynamics on biogeochemical cycles (e.g., species biodiversity and species interactions, bioavailability and accumulation of nutrients),
(ii) transformation of organic matter in food webs (e.g., controls of production, transformation and breakdown of organic matter in marine food webs),
(iii) transfer of matter across ocean interfaces (in particular exchange between the atmosphere, continental margins)
using existing observational and modeling studies from different environments such as continental margins, semi-enclosed seas, high latitude and polar regions, tropical and subtropical oligotrophic gyres.
With a clear interdisciplinary perspective, we invite contributions covering a wide range of questions and scales based on observations, remotely sensed data or mathematical models.
Contact: Temel Oguz (oguz@ims.metu.edu.tr) and Véronique Garçon (Veronique.Garcon@cnes.fr)
MarBEF training course on genetic fingerprints in biodiversity research, 5-9 March 2007 in Bremen (Germany)
Weblink: http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&file=index&type=view&eid=263
Conference on Change in Aquatic Ecosystems: Natural & Human Influences, 4-6 July 2007 in Plymouth (UK)
This is a MarBEF supported event. Each partner of MarBEF is allowed to put the costs of fee, travel and subsistence of one participant up to a maximum of 1,000 Euro on their MarBEF account.
Weblink: http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&file=index&type=view&eid=261
5th International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions, 21-24 May 2007 in Massacusetts (USA)
Weblink: http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&file=index&type=view&eid=264
Winter School on Systems Biology for Medical Applications, 27 Feb - 2 Mar 2007, Puerta de la Cruz, Tenerife
The workshop aims to provide a combination of introductory and survey lectures as well as focussed presentations in the area of systems biology with medical applications. Registration is free for PhD students and postdoctoral researchers funded through EU supported projects. Limited number of places.
To register email : julio.vera@uni-rostock.de
Further information, http://www.systems-biology.org/003/sb_ws_poster2006.pdf
Marine Genomics Europe Exploratory Workshop
that will be held at the EMBL in Heidelberg from February 23 - 25, 2007
Registration will close at December 20, 2006
Additional information as well as a list of MGE-external speakers can be found at the following website: http://www-db.embl.de/jss/EmblGroupsOrg/conf_61
Please use the link on this website to register for the meeting.
Transcriptomic approaches are becoming increasingly important tools in biological research of marine systems, and sequences and expression data have been generated across all nodes of the MGE network. This cross-node workshop will cover three levels of data analysis that are crucial for the interpretation and integration of these data. A first focus will be on strategies for identifying and annotating genes. A second focus will be on quantitative transcriptional profiling approaches like qPCR and microarrays, as well as systematic approaches to annotate and interpret the spatiotemporal expression of genes. The third topic will deal with high-throughput functional analyses and integrative approaches that aim at understanding the function and evolution of transcriptional networks.
The exploratory workshop is open to up to 35 participants from all MGE nodes as well as non-MGE-members. It is specifically suited for PhD students and postdocs involved or interested in the generation, integration and analysis of expressed sequences and gene regulatory interactions. The workshop will provide the participants with current state-of-the-art information on transcriptomic approaches in a series of lectures given by recognized experts in the field and should also serve to share expertise among the participants and stimulate cooperation across different fields of marine research. Therefore, applicants willing to present their own research will be preferentially selected.
As space is restricted and we expect significant interest for the course, we encourage you to register early.
Round Table
Please note that in addition to the scientific exchange, we will organize a round-table discussion for MGE members at the meeting to coordinate microarray efforts within the various nodes and communities. These discussion should also serve as a basis for entering negotiations with different companies offering microarrays and/or microarray services to discuss the possibility of special conditions for the Marine Genomics community. To prepare these discussions, we ask you to provide an estimation of your personal microarray needs when registering to the meeting.
The organizing committee
François-Yves Bouget, UMR CNRS, France
Christian Gache, CNRS, France
Wolfgang Hess, University Freiburg, Germany
Josep Planas, University of Barcelona, Spain
Florian Raible, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany
Summer Fellowship in Austria for Graduate Students in Natural and Social Sciences, Math, Policy and Engineering
Each summer, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) near Vienna, Austria, hosts a selected group of graduate students, primarily doctoral, from around the world in its Young Scientists Summer Program (YSSP). These students work closely with IIASA’s senior scientists on
projects within the Institute’s 3 theme areas of Natural Resources & Environment, Population & Society, and Energy & Technology. The U.S. Committee for IIASA provides airfare and a modest living allowance for the applicants from American institutions who are selected to participate.
Application deadline: 15 January 2007
Program Dates : 4 June - 31 august 2007
Details
the IMBC conference (International Marine Biotechnology Conference) will be held in March 11-16, 2007, Eilat, Israel.
Join us at IMBC 2007 as a presenter and participant in this international forum for scientists and students, and take advantage of the opportunity to exchange ideas, share the latest findings, meet old colleagues and make new ones.
Deadline for Submission of Abstracts: September 15, 2006
Abstract submission guidelines and more information on the conference: http://www.imbc2007.ocean.org.il/
The conference will feature renowned plenary lectures such as:
Richard Roberts, New England Biolabs, USA - Nobel Laureate in Physiology/Medicine (1993)
William Fenical, University of California San Diego, USA
Edward Delong, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Bernard Kloareg, Biological Station of Roscoff, France
Goro Yoshizaki, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan
Bioforum, the Conference&Exhibition dedicated to biotechnologies, successfully driven to its third edition, will be held on 19th and 20th September at the University of Milan and aims at confirming its fundamental role as a cultural exchange place where Science and Industry meet.
Topics dealt with during the event include different sectors: Health, Agro-food, Services (Intellectual Property...), ICT, Finance, Biobusiness.
Details: http://www.bioforum.it/en
contact: bioforum@iter.it
It is now possible to enrol for visiting the event.
Entrance is free for anyone who will fill the on line subscription form.
Dates: November 26th – 28th, 2006
Location: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Area della Ricerca di Palermo, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
Organizers: Valeria Matranga, CNR, Italy (matranga@ibim.cnr.it) and Buki Rinkevich, IOLR, Israel (buki@ocean.org.il )
Registration open at: http://www.ibim.cnr.it/eu.workshop/registration_form.htm
Rationale
Currently, growing attention and funding toward studies on stem cells differentiation and gene expression in vertebrates are motivated by the rationale they might serve in the understanding of and fighting against human diseases. On the contrary, investigations on marine organisms stem cells are very limited, although they could be crucial to unravel the mechanisms of cell growth and differentiation. The proposed workshop is meant to gather people interested in the identification and functional characterization of genes expressed in growing and differentiating cells in marine organisms. An open discussion among participant to encourage and support actions for the development of this field will be promoted. In addition we wish to reach a larger scientific community in order to encourage the study of marine stem cells, both theoretically and technically. In our opinion this is not only feasible, but it might lead to biotechnologically relevant discoveries. To achieve these goals a workshop is organized with Special Sections and keynote talks from NoE participants, and Plenary Lectures from invited speakers competent in the field, in order to:
Send expressions of interest in the participation to the WS before September 30th, 2006 to:Valeria Matranga and Buki Rinkevich. If you wish to give a talk please add the title and a brief abstract of your presentation (10 lines).
First arrived, first served
Conditions for participation:
Marine biologists and information technologists launch a new inter-disciplinary research area called "ocean biodiversity informatics".
The publication of a special Theme Section of 9 papers in the prestigious international marine science journal Marine Ecology Progress Series marks the official recognition of a new inter-disciplinary area of research. Marine biologists are using the latest online information technologies to share, map, analyse and model data from many different sources to reveal global patterns in marine biodiversity. Papers in the special publication provide examples of how ocean biodiversity informatics benefits research on whales, seals, sea birds, sea turtles, fisheries, anemone fish and their host anemones, and deep-sea life.
Read more: http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=119
Course on "Experimental Biology course on marine invertebrates" will occur at the Marine Station of Roscoff,30 april- 12 may 2007. MarBEF network ask for expression of interests to 12 proposed courses, including this course with deadline on 15 September 2006.
Please see the web pages:
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=306#306
http://www.marbef.org/training/marbefcourses.php
The aim of these Exploratory Workshops is to favour integration within researchers from the four nodes through the organization of workshops where all interested partners are invited to present their work and data related to the selected theme. The final goal is to prepare a join project that will tackle genomics analysis in marine environment and/or to maximise use of tools already generated by the NoE or by partners.
coordinator: Catherine Boyen (#2)
Read more and download the application form - Deadline: July 1st, 2006
send to barbier@sb-roscoff.fr
NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW
NEW - NEW - NEW - NEW - NEW -
Dates: November 26th – 28th, 2006
Location: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Area della Ricerca di Palermo, Via U. La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
Organizers: Valeria Matranga, CNR, Italy (matranga@ibim.cnr.it) and Buki Rinkevich, IOLR, Israel (buki@ocean.org.il )
Registration at: http://www.ibim.cnr.it/eu.workshop/registration_form.htm
Rationale
Currently, growing attention and funding toward studies on stem cells differentiation and gene expression in vertebrates are motivated by the rationale they might serve in the understanding of and fighting against human diseases. On the contrary, investigations on marine organisms stem cells are very limited, although they could be crucial to unravel the mechanisms of cell growth and differentiation. The proposed workshop is meant to gather people interested in the identification and functional characterization of genes expressed in growing and differentiating cells in marine organisms. An open discussion among participant to encourage and support actions for the development of this field will be promoted. In addition we wish to reach a larger scientific community in order to encourage the study of marine stem cells, both theoretically and technically. In our opinion this is not only feasible, but it might lead to biotechnologically relevant discoveries. To achieve these goals a workshop is organized with Special Sections and keynote talks from NoE participants, and Plenary Lectures from invited speakers competent in the field, in order to:
Send expressions of interest in the participation to the WS before June 30th to:Valeria Matranga and Buki Rinkevich. If you wish to give a talk please add the title and a brief abstract of your presentation (10 lines).
Conditions for participation:
A course on bioassay methods in marine chemical ecology will be held in Tjarno, Sweden, next 9 to 14 september 2006. The course has been organized by the European Network of Excellence on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MARBEF).
The announcement, the preliminary program and information for applications are available at
http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Jobs&p=vdetails&id=87
Deadline for application: June 30th, 2006 - Read more
2006 Annual SFBD meeting General Information will be held at Praz sur Arly (Megève) from September 22nd to 26th. In 2006 the meeting will be jointly organised by the French SFBD and the Swiss ZMG Societies. The following topics of sessions are planned:
- Oogenesis and early steps in embryonic development
- Signalling and trafficking
- Morphogenesis and organogenesis
- Cell adhesion and cell polarity in development
- Stem cells, aging and regeneration
- Global approaches - modelling gene interactions (round table session)
- Imaging of developmental processes (round table session)
Deadline for registration and abstract submission: 13 of July 2006.
further informations and online registration : http://www.reaumur.org/article.php3?id_article=173&id_rubrique=23
The International Conference on "Cell Migration in Development and Disease" will be held November 20-21, 2006 in Paris. The conference is organized by the "Institut de Biologie Integrative" (IFR83-University Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS and INSERM).
It will cover, various aspects of cell migration, from the molecular level to cellular and integrated physiology, including: the cellular machinery involved in cell migration, cell intercalation and tissue remodelling, directed migration and chemotaxis, migration in the developing nervous system, cell migration in cancer, cell migration in immunity and response to injury.
Deadline for registration and abstract submission: October 16, 2006
For further information and registration : http://ifr-bi.snv.jussieu.fr/colloque/colloque.html
Contact: mmriou@ccr.jussieu.fr
The International Society for Diatom Research (http://www.isdr.org/index.html) announces its biannual meeting.
Further details: Further details: http://www.marbef.org/modules.php?name=Calendar&file=index&type=view&eid=217
The 2006 European Marine Biology Symposium will be held in Cork, Ireland in September 2006.
One of the sub-themes will be "Genetics and resilience of marine organisms" (invited speaker Professor Gary Carvahlo).
Abstracts are invited (closing date 14 Februray).Accepted contributions will be delivered as talks or posters and nd will be considered for publication in the conference proceedings. For details, http://www.embs41.ucc.ie/index.htm>http://www.embs41.ucc.ie/index.htm
contact : Professor T. F. Cross., National University of Ireland.
e.mail: t.cross@ucc.ie
A worldwide Danish marine expedition, Galathea 3, is scheduled to take place August 2006 – April 2007
website: www.galathea3.dk
Some of the projects might be of interest to MGE participants:
http://www.galathea3.dk/dk/Menu/Forskning/Spawning+biology%2c+recruitment+and+genetic+population+structure+of+European+eel+(Anguilla+a
http://www.galathea3.dk/dk/Menu/Forskning/The+DNA+of+the+Polar+Seas
http://www.galathea3.dk/dk/Menu/Forskning/Investigations+of+antifreeze+protein+systems+in+Antarctic+fish+with+special+attention+to+t
http://www.galathea3.dk/dk/Menu/Forskning/Dybvandsfisk+ved+Antarktis+%e2%80%93+polare+fisks+evolution
for further information, contact: Michael M. Hansen, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, e-mail: mmh@difres.dk (web page: www.difres.dk/ffi/uk/staff/employee.asp?init=mmh)
the web site for the 2006 Benthic Ecology Meeting is now fully functional and can be found at:
http://www.bem2006.org <http://www.bem2006.org/>
More info: The basic information remains the same (Quebec City; March 8-12 [presentations March 9-11]; submission of abstracts by January 16; early registration by February 3), but much more information is now available and you can both register for the meeting and book
accommodations on-line.
Kobe, Japan
26-31 March 2007
The International Marine Genomics Conference organized by the MGE Network will take place in Sorrento, Italy, October 28 - November 1, 2006.
Information at www.marine-genomics-europe.org/index2.php?rub=b&pid=242”.
